Crabronidae
Family of wasps
| Crabronidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tachysphex sp. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies | |
| Astatinae | |
The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea. It collectively includes well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Crabronids were originally a part of the Sphecidae, but the latter name is now restricted to a separate family based on what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. Several of the subfamilies of the Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies (example below).
Phylogeny
This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann et al., 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae."[2][3] Only three of these lineages were not included within Crabronidae in the past: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Anthophila.
| Apoidea | |
Subgroups
- Subfamily Astatinae (now ranked as a family)
- Astata, etc.
- Subfamily Bembicinae (now ranked as a family)
- Tribe Alyssontini
- Tribe Bembicini
- Tribe Gorytini
- Tribe Heliocausini
- Tribe Nyssonini
- Tribe Stizini
- Subfamily Crabroninae (incl. Eremiaspheciinae and Dinetinae)
- Subfamily Mellininae (now ranked as a family)
- Mellinus
- Xenosphex
- Subfamily Pemphredoninae (recently split into three families)
- Microstigmus
- Lithium
- Pemphredon, etc.
- Subfamily Philanthinae (now ranked as a family)
- Cerceris
- Philanthus, etc.
Life cycle
-
Trypoxylon collinum larva -
Trypoxylon collinum pupa -
Trypoxylon collinum adult
See also
References
- ^ Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018). "Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8. PMC 5960199. PMID 29776336.
- ^ Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Brady, Seán G. (2017). "Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1019–1025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027. PMID 28376325.
- ^ Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte (2017). "Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1013–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027. hdl:2434/801122. PMID 28343967.
Sources
- Catalog of Sphecidae sensu lato at Cal Academy
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crabronidae.
- Image Gallery from Gembloux Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- Larra spp., mole cricket hunters on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
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Extant Hymenopteran families
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Subclass: Pterygota
- Infraclass: Neoptera
- Superorder: Holometabola
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- See also: Unicalcarida
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