Israeli Cassini Soldner

Geodesy
Fundamentals Geodesy Geodynamics Geomatics History
Concepts Geographical distance Geoid Figure of the Earth (radius and circumference) Geodetic coordinates Geodetic datum Geodesic Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite geodesy Spatial reference system Spatial relations Vertical positions
Technologies Global Nav. Sat. Systems (GNSSs) Global Pos. System (GPS) GLONASS (Russia) BeiDou (BDS) (China) Galileo (Europe) NAVIC (India) Quasi-Zenith Sat. Sys. (QZSS) (Japan) Discrete Global Grid and Geocoding
Standards (history) NGVD 29 Sea Level Datum 1929 OSGB36 Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936 SK-42 Systema Koordinat 1942 goda ED50 European Datum 1950 SAD69 South American Datum 1969 GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980 ISO 6709 Geographic point coord. 1983 NAD 83 North American Datum 1983 WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 NAVD 88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989 GCJ-02 Chinese obfuscated datum 2002 Geo URI Internet link to a point 2010 International Terrestrial Reference System Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
v t e

Israeli Cassini Soldner (ICS), commonly known as the Old Israeli Grid (OIG; Hebrew: רשת ישראל הישנה Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Yeshana) is the old geographic coordinate system for Israel. The name is derived from the Cassini Soldner projection it uses and the fact that it is optimized for Israel.^{[citation needed]} ICS has been mostly replaced by the new coordinate system Israeli Transverse Mercator (ITM), also known as the New Israeli Grid (NIG), but still referenced by older books and navigation software.

History

The Cassini Soldner projection was used by the British Mandate of Palestine, when it was called the Palestine grid. The Palestine grid reached as south as Beer-Sheba. To avoid the existence of negative coordinates in the southern Negev, the False Northing of ICS was increased by 1000000.^[1] As a result, coordinates in the south of Israel are higher than 800000.

Examples

An ICS coordinate is generally given as a pair of two numbers (excluding any digits behind a decimal point which may be used in very precise surveying). The first number is always the Easting and the second is the Northing. The easting and northing are in metres from the false origin. The easting is always a 6 digit number while the northing has 6 or 7 digits.

The ICS coordinate for the Western Wall at Jerusalem is:

E 172249 m

N 1131586 m

The first figure is the easting and means that the location is 172,249 meters east from the false origin (along the X axis). The second figure is the northing and puts the location 1,131,586 meters north of the false origin (along the Y axis). Also notice how the easting in this example is indicated with an “E” and likewise an “N” for the northing. The fact that the coordinate is in meters is indicated by the lowercase m.

The table below shows the same coordinate in 3 different grids:

Grid parameters

The ICS coordinate system is defined by the following parameters:^[2]

• Projection: Cassini Soldner
• Reference ellipsoid: Clarke 80 Modified

a(m): 6378300.789

1/f: 293.466

• Main datum point values:

Latitude of origin (D-M-S): 31 44 2.748999999990644

Longitude of origin (D-M-S): 35 12 43.490000000012970

• Main point grid values:

False Easting (m): 170251.5549999999

False Northing(m): 1126867.909

• Grid scale factor: 1

References

Sources

• Official ICS Grid Definition Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
• MAPI (Mapping Center of Israel) official website (Hebrew).
• Geography educational website Archived 2014-08-07 at the Wayback Machine of Haifa's university.

External links

• MAPI (Mapping Center of Israel) official website (Hebrew).
• Geography educational website Archived 2014-08-07 at the Wayback Machine of Haifa's university.