Proterius of Alexandria
St Proterius of Alexandria | |
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Venerated in | Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholic Church |
Feast | February 28 |
Pope Proterius of Alexandria (died 457) was Patriarch of Alexandria from 451 to 457. He had been appointed by the Council of Chalcedon to replace the deposed Dioscorus. He regarded as hieromartyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.
History
Proterius was elected by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 to replace Dioscorus of Alexandria, who had been deposed as Patriarch by the same council.[1][2] Upon his arrival in Alexandria, he was met by a riot.[3]
His accession marks the beginning of the Schism of 451 between the Coptic Orthodox and the Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Alexandria, which has never been completely resolved. Because the church of Alexandria was largely anti-Chalcedonian, the deposition of Dioscorus, an anti-Chalcedonian, from the Patriarchate, and the elevation of Proterius, a Chalcedonian, to it, was violently opposed. Finally in 457 the anti-Chalcedonian party in Alexandria elected Timothy Aelurus as Patriarch of Alexandria, in opposition to Proterius, who was either subsequently martyred by a Coptic mob (Evagrius Scholasticus, 2, 8 [1]) or murdered by the Byzantine garrison in Alexandria (Zachariah of Mitylene, 4,1-3[4]).
The murder was commented in several letters by groups of bishops from various Roman provinces (e.g. Galatia Prima) or larger regions to Byzantine emperor Leo I the Thracian (457–474).
Veneration
He is regarded as a Saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.[5] He is not recognized as a Pope by the Coptic Orthodox, who instead recognize Dioscorus and Timothy as having been the legitimate Popes during this time. (Coptic Orthodox Church Network, Popes Chronology [2]).
References
- ^ Keough 2011, p. 404.
- ^ Evans 2002, p. 75.
- ^ Wilde 2022, p. 44.
- ^ Pearse, Roger. "Zachariah of Mitylene, Syriac Chronicle (1899). Book 4". www.tertullian.org. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ Martiriologio Romano (PDF). p. 287.
Sources
- Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 9780881410563.
- Evans, J. A. S. (2002). The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power. Taylor & Francis.
- Keough, Shawn W. J. (2011). "Episcopal Succession as Criterion of Communion: The Rise of Rival Episcopal Genealogies in Alexandria according to liberatus of Carthage". In Leemans, Johan; Van Nuffelen, Peter; Keough, Shawn W. J. (eds.). Episcopal Elections in Late Antiquity. De Gruyter. pp. 389–410.
- Wilde, Clare (2022). "The Qurʾānic Rūm: A Late Antique Perspective". In van den Bent, Josephine; van den Eijnde, Floris; Weststeijn, Johan (eds.). Late Antique Responses to the Arab Conquests. Brill. pp. 32–55.
External links
- "Proterius (451–457)". Official web site of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
- St Proterius of Alexandria Orthodox Synaxarion.
Titles of the Great Christian Church | ||
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Preceded by | Greek Patriarch of Alexandria 451–457 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
Chalcedonian schism
(43–451)
Popes and Patriarchs
(451–present)
- Timothy II
- Peter III
- Athanasius II
- John I
- John II
- Dioscorus II
- Timothy III
- Theodosius I
- Peter IV
- Damian
- Anastasius
- Andronicus
- Benjamin I
- Agathon
- John III
- Isaac
- Simeon I
- Alexander II
- Cosmas I
- Theodore I
- Michael I
- Mina I
- John IV
- Mark II
- James
- Simeon II
- Joseph I
- Michael II
- Cosmas II
- Shenouda I
- Michael III
- Gabriel I
- Cosmas III
- Macarius I
- Theophilus II
- Mina II
- Abraham
- Philotheos
- Zacharias
- Shenouda II
- Christodoulos
- Cyril II
- Michael IV
- Macarius II
- Gabriel II
- Michael V
- John V
- Mark III
- John VI
- Cyril III
- Athanasius III
- John VII
- Gabriel III
- John VII
- Theodosius III
- John VIII
- John IX
- Benjamin II
- Peter V
- Mark IV
- John X
- Gabriel IV
- Matthew I
- Gabriel V
- John XI
- Matthew II
- Gabriel VI
- Michael VI
- John XII
- John XIII
- Gabriel VII
- John XIV
- Gabriel VIII
- Mark V
- John XV
- Matthew III
- Mark VI
- Matthew IV
- John XVI
- Peter VI
- John XVII
- Mark VII
- John XVIII
- Mark VIII
- Peter VII
- Cyril IV
- Demetrius II
- Cyril V
- John XIX
- Macarius III
- Joseph II
- Cyril VI
- Shenouda III
- Tawadros II (current)
Popes and Patriarchs
(451–present)
- Proterius
- Timothy II
- Timothy III
- John I
- Peter III
- Athanasius II
- John II
- John III
- Dioscorus II
- Timothy IV
- Theodosius I
- Gaianus
- Paul
- Zoilus
- Apollinarius
- John IV
- Eulogius
- Theodore I
- John V
- George I
- Cyrus
- Peter IV
- Peter V
- Peter VI
- Cosmas I
- Politianus
- Eustatius
- Christopher I
- Sophronius I
- Michael I
- Michael II
- Christodoulos
- Eutychius
- Sophronius II
- Isaac
- Job
- Elias I
- Arsenius
- Theophilus II
- George II
- Leontius
- Alexander II
- John VI
- Cyril II
- Sabbas
- Sophronius III
- Elias II
- Eleutherius
- Mark III*
- Nicholas I
- Gregory I
- Nicholas II
- Athanasius III
- Gregory II
- Gregory III
- Niphon
- Mark IV
- Nicholas III
- Gregory IV
- Nicholas IV
- Athanasius IV
- Mark V
- Philotheus
- Mark VI
- Gregory V
- Joachim I
- Silvester
- Meletius I Pegas
- Cyril III
- Gerasimus I
- Metrophanes
- Nicephorus
- Joannicius
- Paisius
- Parthenius I
- Gerasimus II
- Samuel
- Cosmas II
- Cosmas III
- Matthew
- Cyprian
- Gerasimus III
- Parthenius II
- Theophilus III
- Hierotheus I
- Artemius
- Hierotheus II
- Callinicus
- Jacob
- Nicanor
- Nilus
- Sophronius IV
- Photius
- Meletius II
- Nicholas V
- Christopher II
- Nicholas VI
- Parthenius III
- Peter VII
- Theodore II (current)
(1276–1954)
- Atanasio (Athanasius)
- Egidio da Ferrara (Giles)
- ?Humbert II, Dauphin of Vienne
- Juan (John)
- Guillaume de Chanac
- Arnaud Bernard du Pouget (Arnaldo Bernardi)
- uncanonical Jean de Cardaillac
- Pietro Amely di Brunac
- ? Johannes Walteri von Sinten
- uncanonical Simon of Cramaud
- Pietro Amely di Brunac
- Leonardo Dolfin
- Ugo Roberti
- Pietro Amaury di Lordat
- Lancelotus de Navarra
- Giovanni Contarini
- Pietro
- Vitalis di Mauléon
- Giovanni Vitelleschi
- Marco Condulmer
- Jean d'Harcourt
- Arnaldo Rogerii de Palas
- Pedro de Urrea
- Pedro González de Mendoza
- Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
- Alonso de Fonseca y Acevedo
- Bernardino Carafa
- Cesare Riario
- Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora
- Ottaviano Maria Sforza
- Julius Gonzaga
- Cristoforo Guidalotti Ciocchi del Monte
- Jacques Cortès
- Tommaso
- Alessandro Riario
- Enrico Caetani
- Giovanni Battista Albani
- Camillo Caetani
- Séraphin Olivier-Razali
- Alessandro di Sangro
- Honoratus Caetani
- Federico Borromeo
- Allesandro Crescenzi
- Aloysius Bevilacqua
- Petrus Draghi Bartoli
- Gregorio Giuseppe Gaetani de Aragonia
- Carlo Ambrosio Mezzabarba
- Filippo Carlo Spada
- Girolamo Crispi
- Giuseppe Antonio Davanzati
- Lodovico Agnello Anastasi
- Francisco Mattei
- Augustus Foscolo
- Paolo Angelo Ballerini
- Domenico Marinangeli
- Paolo de Huyn
- Luca Ermenegildo Pasetto
(1724–present)
- Cyril VI Tanas
- Athanasius IV Jawhar
- Maximos II Hakim
- Theodosius V Dahan
- Athanasius IV Jawhar
- Cyril VII Siaj
- Agapius II Matar
- Ignatius IV Sarrouf
- Athanasius V Matar
- Macarius IV Tawil
- Ignatius V Qattan
- Maximos III Mazloum
- Clement Bahouth
- Gregory II Youssef-Sayur
- Peter IV Geraigiry
- Cyril VIII Geha
- Demetrius I Qadi
- Cyril IX Moghabghab
- Maximos IV Sayegh
- Maximos V Hakim
- Gregory III Laham
- Youssef I Absi
(1824–present)
- *Markianos is considered Mark II on the Greek side of the subsequent schism, hence this numbering of Mark III.
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