Vugraph

Method of displaying Bridge play

Vugraph (or Viewgraph) is a method of displaying the bidding and play of bridge hands on a screen for viewing by an audience.^[1] The basis of the current computer-generated display was originally developed by Fred Gitelman for the American Contract Bridge League in 1991 under a grant from the estate of Peter Pender, a champion player. Then known as PenderGraph, the software program was first used at the 1991 Summer North American Bridge Championships at Las Vegas. The program was substantially revised in 1993 to work under the Microsoft Windows operating system.^[1] Archived Vugraph data can be found from various databases and the most complete collection of bridge data is the Vugraph Project.

The term and practice date back at least to 1959, when its use was reported in The New York Times.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Francis, Henry G.; Truscott, Alan F.; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (6th ed.). Memphis, TN: American Contract Bridge League. p. 567. ISBN 0-943855-44-6. OCLC 49606900.
^ Morehead, Albert H. (August 6, 1959). "Contract Bridge; Decision to Sacrifice or Not Calls for Careful Thinking in Tournaments". The New York Times. p. 24.

External links

Bridge Base Online Vugraph.
Bridge Base Online Vugraph Client.
The Vugraph Project.
The copyright debate on vugraph data.

Contract bridge

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Vugraph

Bidding

General	Balanced hand Balancing (bridge) Bidding box Bidding system Board (bridge) Bridge convention Brown sticker Convention card Cue bid Five-card majors Forcing bid Forcing pass Game try Hand evaluation Honor point count Inverted minors Law of total tricks Losing-Trick Count Major suit Minor suit Optimum contract and par contract Overcall Preempt Prepared opening bid Principle of fast arrival Psychic bid Quantitative notrump bids Reverse (bridge) Sacrifice (bridge) Shooting (bridge) Single suiter Stolen bid Strong pass Takeout double Three suiter Two suiter Useful space principle Void (cards) Weak two bid Zar Points
Systems	List of bidding systems 2/1 game forcing Acol Bidding system Blue Club Boring Club Bridge Base Basic Bridge World Standard Canapé (bridge) Carrot Club EHAA Fantunes Highly unusual method Kaplan–Sheinwold Little Major Moscito Polish Club Precision Club Roman Club Romex system Säffle Spade Standard American Strong club system
Conventions	List of bidding conventions

Card play

General	List of play techniques Avoidance play Beer card Caddy Card reading Duck Endplay Entry Grosvenor gambit Hold up Percentage play Pin (bridge) Principle of restricted choice Probabilities Revoke Ruff Shooting Smother play Tempo Trump promotion Uppercut Vacant Places
Declarer play	Basic: Finesse Safety play Coups: Alcatraz coup Bath coup Belladonna coup Coup Coup en passant Crocodile coup Deschapelles coup Devil's coup Loser on loser Merrimac coup Morton's fork coup Scissors coup Trump coup Vienna coup Squeezes: Backwash squeeze Cannibal squeeze Clash squeeze Compound squeeze Criss-cross squeeze Double squeeze Entry squeeze Entry-shifting squeeze Guard squeeze Knockout squeeze Non-simultaneous double squeeze Progressive squeeze Pseudo-squeeze Saturated squeeze Simple squeeze Simultaneous double squeeze Single-suit squeeze Squeeze play Stepping-stone squeeze Strip squeeze Triple squeeze Trump squeeze Vice squeeze Winkle squeeze Suit combinations: Suit combination
Defender play	Forcing defense Journalist leads Opening lead Rule of 10-12 Rule of 11 Rusinow leads Signal Smith signal

People and organizations

General	ACBL Youngest Life Master List of contract bridge people List of nationality transfers in sport Bridge Headquarters
Players by country	Australia Austria Brazil Britain Bulgaria Canada China Denmark Netherlands Egypt England Fiction France Germany Hungary India Ireland Israel Italy Mexico Monaco New Zealand Norway Pakistan Poland Russia Sweden Switzerland Taiwan United States
Other lists	List of bridge people with Wikipedia (English) articles List of bridge administrators List of bridge writers
Teams	Blue Team Dallas Aces Four Aces
Clubs	Bridge Base Online Cavendish Club Crockford's Galatasaray Bridge Team Melville Bridge Club Portland Club (London) Savoy Club
Governing bodies	American Bridge Association American Contract Bridge League Austrian Bridge Federation Brazilian Bridge Federation Bridge Federation of India British Bridge League Canadian Bridge Federation Dutch Bridge Federation English Bridge Union European Bridge League Hungarian Bridge Federation International Mind Sports Association List of contract bridge governing bodies Norwegian Bridge Federation South African Bridge Federation United States Bridge Federation World Bridge Federation

Championships

General	List of bridge competitions and awards
World	Bermuda Bowl Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games Cavendish Invitational Computer Olympiad McConnell Cup Rosenblum Cup Senior Bowl (bridge) Triple crown of bridge Venice Cup WBF Youth Award World Bridge Championships World IMP Pairs Championship World Junior Pairs Championship World Junior Teams Championship World Mind Sports Games World Mixed Pairs Championship World Mixed Teams Championship World Open Pairs Championship World Senior Pairs Championship World Senior Teams Championship World Team Olympiad World Transnational Open Teams Championship World Women Pairs Championship
National and Zonal	Buffett Cup Camrose Trophy Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships European Universities Bridge Championships Gold Cup (bridge) North American bridge Championships: ACBL King or Queen of Bridge Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs Bruce LM–5000 Pairs Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match Fall National Open Pairs Fast Open Pairs Fishbein Trophy Goren Trophy Grand National Teams Hilliard Mixed Pairs Jacoby Open Swiss Teams Keohane North American Swiss Teams Lebhar IMP Pairs Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs Machlin Women's Swiss Teams Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs Marcus Cup Master Individual Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs Mini-Spingold Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams Mott-Smith Trophy Nail Life Master Open Pairs National 199er Pairs National 49er Pairs National 99er Pairs Non-Life Master Swiss Teams Norman Kay Platinum Pairs North American Bridge Championships North American Pairs Red Ribbon Pairs Reisinger Rockwell Mixed Pairs Roth Open Swiss Teams Senior Knockout Teams Silodor Open Pairs Smith Life Master Women's Pairs Spingold Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams Truscott Senior Swiss Teams United States Bridge Championships - Open Vanderbilt Trophy Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs Wagar Women's Knockout Teams Wernher Open Pairs Whitehead Women's Pairs Young LM–1500 Pairs

Publications and resources

Books	List of contract bridge books Master Point Press Bibliographies: Edwin Kantar bibliography Hugh Kelsey bibliography Terence Reese bibliography Books: 25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know Bridge Squeezes Complete The Cardturner Contract Bridge for Beginners Design for Bidding The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand Right Through the Pack Tickets to the Devil
Magazines	List of contract bridge magazines Magazines: Bridge d'Italia Bridge Magazine The Bridge World
TV and Radio	Grand Slam (BBC TV)
External links	Bridge Base Basic