Winkelbury Camp
Romano-British
Winkelbury Camp is an Iron Age hillfort, a short distance south-east of the village of Berwick St John, in Wiltshire, England. It is a scheduled monument.[1]
Description
The fort is on the northern spur of Winkelbury Hill. A single rampart bank forming a rough oval, 382 by 160 metres (1,253 by 525 ft), encloses an area of about 7.5 hectares (19 acres). The bank is up to 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) high, with an outer ditch up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) deep and 4 metres (13 ft) wide. There are various hollows within the fort, which are interpreted as indications of buildings and pits for storage or refuse.[1]
Augustus Pitt Rivers, inheritor of the Rushmore Estate at Tollard Royal, where he was resident from 1880, investigated many prehistoric monuments on Cranborne Chase.[2] He made a partial excavation of Winkelbury Camp from 1881 to 1882, finding the remains of a timber hut with wattle-and-daub walls; there were flint tools, and pottery from the Romano-British period. It was established that there were at least two occupation periods, probably in the early and late Iron Age.[1][3]
The banks of the fort and the accompanying ditches appear to have been built as a series of separate lengths. Field work by R Feachem in 1971 led to a supposition that there were three phases of building, all incomplete, the irregular construction perhaps being the result of gang work. The earliest part was two unaligned banks in the south with a central gap; the banks on the west and east were constructed later; and the last phase was the building of a curved bank across the interior to create a small oval area of about 3 hectares (7.4 acres) at the north end. It has been suggested that the purpose of the camp was not just military: it was constructed according to the changing circumstances around the site over time.[1][3]
Excavations by Pitt Rivers
Other archaeological sites on Cranborne Chase excavated by Pitt Rivers include the Martin Down Enclosure, Rotherley Down Settlement, South Lodge Camp, Woodcutts Settlement and Wor Barrow.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Historic England. "Winkelbury Camp (1005702)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ Tylor, Edward Burnett (1901). "Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 269–270.
- ^ a b Richard Wainwright. A Guide to the Prehistoric Remains in Britain. Volume 1: South and East. Constable, 1979. pp. 205–206.
- v
- t
- e
- Black Head
- Cadson Bury
- Caer Bran
- Castallack Round
- Castle an Dinas
- Castle Dore
- Castle Goff
- Chûn Castle
- Dodman Point
- Giant's Castle
- Kelly Rounds
- Kelsey Head
- Lescudjack
- Lesingey Round
- Maen Castle
- Padderbury Top
- Prideaux Castle
- Rame Head
- The Rumps
- Trencrom Hill
- Trereen Dinas
- Treryn Dinas
- Trevelgue Head
- Warbstow Bury
- Ashleys Copse
- Buckland Rings
- Bury Hill
- Caesar's Camp
- Castle Hill
- Chilworth Ring
- Danebury
- Dunwood Camp
- Frankenbury Camp
- The Frith
- Gorley Hill
- Hamble Common Camp
- King John's Hill
- Knoll Camp
- Ladle Hill
- Lockerley Camp
- Norsebury Ring
- Old Winchester Hill
- Oram's Arbour
- Quarley Hill
- St. Catherine's Hill
- Tidbury Ring
- Toothill Fort
- Whitsbury Castle
- Woolbury
- Bayston Hill
- Bury Ditches
- Bury Walls
- Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton
- Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn
- Caus Castle
- Coxall Knoll
- Nordy Bank
- Old Oswestry
- The Wrekin
- Carl Wark
- Wincobank
- Ashleys Copse
- Barbury Castle
- Battlesbury Camp
- Bratton Castle
- Bury Camp
- Castle Ditches
- Casterley Camp
- Castle Rings
- Chisbury
- Chiselbury
- Chisenbury Camp
- Clearbury Ring
- Cley Hill
- Fosbury Camp
- Grovely Castle
- Knook Castle
- Liddington Castle
- Membury Camp
- Old Sarum
- Ringsbury Camp
- Roundway Down
- Scratchbury Camp
- Sidbury Hill
- Vespasian's Camp
- Winkelbury Camp
- Yarnbury Castle