Teori perdamaian demokratik
Teori perdamaian demokratik adalah salah satu dari teori Hubungan Internasional yang menyatakan bahwa negara dengan sistem demokrasi tidak akan berperang melawan negara demokrasi lainnya.
Menurut pendukung teori perdamaian demokratik, terdapat beberapa faktor yang dianggap mendorong perdamaian di antara negara-negara demokrasi:
- Pemimpin demokratik dianggap bertanggung jawab atas mulainya perang oleh rakyat selaku pemegang kedaulatan;
- Pemimpin demokratik yang bertanggung jawab kepada publik cenderung memanfaatkan institusi diplomatik untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan negara lain;
- Negara demokrasi cenderung tidak memandang negara demokrasi lain sebagai negara yang bermusuhan;
- Negara-negara demokratis biasanya lebih kaya dari negara lain, sehingga enggan berperang demi menjaga infrastruktur dan sumber daya.
Asas-asas dasar teori ini pertama kali diajukan oleh Immanuel Kant pada tahun 1700-an. Dalam esainya Perpetual Peace yang ditulis pada tahun 1795, Kant berargumen bahwa sebagian besar rakyat tidak akan pernah memilih untuk berperang, kecuali untuk mempertahankan diri, karena mereka yang akan menanggung beban perang tersebut. Maka dari itu, apabila semua negara menjadi demokratis, rakyat selaku pemegang kedaulatan tidak akan memilih untuk berperang, sehingga pada akhirnya perang akan berakhir.
Namun, teori ini juga menuai kritik karena dianggap menyalahartikan korelasi sebagai sebab-akibat. Selain itu, definisi akademis "demokrasi" dan "perang" dapat diubah agar seolah terdapat tren tertentu.
Teori terkait
Perdamaian Eropa
Ada perdebatan sengit mengenai apakah tidak adanya perang umum besar di Eropa sejak 1945 diakibatkan oleh kerja sama dan integrasi negara-negara Eropa yang liberal-demokratis (seperti yang terjadi di Uni Eropa atau kerja sama Prancis-Jerman), penegakan perdamaian akibat campur tangan Uni Soviet dan Amerika Serikat sampai 1989 dan Amerika Serikat lagi setelahnya,[1] atau campuran keduanya.[2]
Perdebatan mengenai TPD mendapat perhatian masyarakat setelah Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian 2012 dianugerahkan kepada Uni Eropa atas perannya dalam menciptakan perdamaian di Eropa.[3]
Lihat pula
- Teori hubungan internasional
- Daftar perang antara negara demokrasi
- Perdamaian abadi
- Perdamaian dunia
Sumber
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- Spiro, David E. (1994). "Give Democratic Peace a Chance? The Insignificance of the Liberal Peace". International Security. International Security, Vol. 19, No. 2. 19 (Vol. 19, No. 2. (Autumn, 1994)): 50–86. doi:10.2307/2539196. JSTOR 2539196.
- Terminski, Bogumil (2010). "The Evolution of the Concept of Perpetual Peace in the History of Political-Legal Thought". Perspectivas Internacionales. 10 (1): 277–291.
- Wayman, Frank (2002). "Incidence of Militarized Disputes Between Liberal States, 1816–1992". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, New Orleans, La., Mar. 23–27, 2002. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-05. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-01.
- Weede, Erich (2004). "The Diffusion of Prosperity and Peace by Globalization" (PDF). The Independent Review. 9 (2).
- Weart, Spencer R. (1998). "Never at War". Yale University Press.
- Werner, Suzanne; Lemke, Douglas (1997). "Opposites Do Not Attract: The Impact of Domestic Institutions, Power, and Prior Commitments on Alignment Choicesl". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 529–546. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00055.
- Werner, Suzanne (2000). "The Effect of Political similarity on the Onset of Militarized Disputes, 1816–1985". Political Science Quarterly. 53 (2): 343–374. doi:10.1177/106591290005300207.
Catatan kaki
Pranala luar
- Mendukung
- Rummell's website
- "Parliamentary Control of Security Policy" (paks) Parliamentary Control of Military Security Policy in the EU-25 and the Iraq War 2003. A DFG funded research project at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Menentang
- The Myth of Democratic Pacifism Diarsipkan 2007-12-30 di Wayback Machine.
- The Missing Democratic Peace
- Democracies Do Not Make War on One Another ...or Do They?
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